Streaming vs digital output

I used to stream audio files with ndx2 from unity core in the old days. The DSD files (but not flac or wav) were always compressed to a very low volume.

I then tried to extract audio files directly from core to ndx2 via the digital output of unity core, using ndx2 as dac. The positive effect is very significant. It seems that the dynamic range has improved a lot with this connection.

My question is why the volume is lowered a lot when dsd files were extracted through streaming?

The files from the Uniti Core might be louder but the dynamic range can’t have improved as it, the difference between the quietest sound and the largest sound remains exactly the same.

Assuming you are asking why the DSD files sound louder when you directly connect the Uniti Core to the NDX2, the answer is likely that when upnp is used, 24 bit files are replayed more quietly than 16 bit files because the dynamic range of 24 bit files is higher and the system has to accommodate this louder maximum without clipping.

How this is dealt with in the two connection methods is something I don’t know though, but probably relates to what the Uniti Core has to do to send a DSD file via upnp.

Perhaps someone who has a deeper understanding than me might explain it.

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